Q1. Yeast Two-Hybrid(Y2H)ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) ±â¼úÀº »õ·Î¿î protein-protein interaction À» ã±â À§ÇØ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1989³â Fields and Song*1¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß¸íµÈ ÀÌÈÄ, ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö 28,000 °Ç ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ý¹°ÇÐÀû pathway ³»ÀÇ interactionÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
*1. Fields, S. and Song, O. (1989) Nature 340(6230):245-247
Q2. Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-Hybrid SystemÀÇ ÀÛ¿ë ¿ø¸®´Â ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ³ª¿ä?
¸ñÀû protein ("bait" protein; ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î Á÷Á¢ cloning)Àº Yeast GAL4 proteinÀÇ DNA-binding domain (DNA-BD)°ú À¶ÇÕµÇ¾î ¹ßÇö ÈÄ, ½º½º·Î transcriptionÀ»
È°¼ºÈÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸³ª 4°³ÀÇ reporter À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ »ó·ù¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ GAL4-responsive promoter¿¡ °áÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ¸ñÀû protein ("bait" protein)°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÇÏ´Â
partner protein ("prey" protein; ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú·Î½á library ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦°ø)Àº Yeast GAL4ÀÇ transcriptional activation domain (AD)¿¡ À¶ÇÕÇÏ¿© transcriptionÀ»
È°¼ºÈ½ÃÅ°´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Prey proteinÀÌ bait protein°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ ¶§ GAL4 promotorÀÇ activity°¡ ȸº¹µÇ¾î Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ reporter proteinÀÌ È°¼ºÈµË´Ï´Ù.
Q3. ¿Ö yeast¸¦ »ç¿ëÇմϱî?
Yeast´Â »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ÁøÇÙ¼¼Æ÷ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ¿øÇÙ¼¼Æ÷ÀÎ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¸¸Å »ç¿ëÀÌ ½±°í °£ÆíÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Yeast°¡ two-hybrid ¼÷ÁÖ·Î ¼±È£µÇ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1) Yeast¿¡¼ ¹ßÇöµÈ protein Àº 3Â÷ ±¸Á¶¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í, neutral internal pH¸¦ Á¦°øÇϸç, disulfide bond¿Í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ ÁøÇÙ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â post-translational modificationÀ»
ÁøÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ protein±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í protein-protein interactionÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
2) Yeast´Â ¸Å¿ì ½±°Ô ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ°í genome ¼¿ÀÌ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
3) Homologous recombinationÀ» ÅëÇØ yeast ³»¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢, ¸Å¿ì ½±°Ô library ¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Q4. Yeast two-hybrid ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â proteinÀÇ ÃÖ´ë, ÃÖ¼Ò Å©±â´Â ¾ó¸¶ÀԴϱî?
ÃÖ¼Ò 8 amino acids*2ºÎÅÍ ÃÖ´ë 750 amino acids*3±îÁöÀÇ proteinÀÌ yeast two-hybrid·Î ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®µÇ¾ú´Ù°í º¸°í µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
*2. Heery, D. M. et al. (1997) Nature 387(6634):733-736.
*3. Schaefer B. C., Ed. (1997) Gene Cloning and Analysis: Current Innovations, (HorizonScientific Press), pp11-28.
Q5. Aureobasidin AÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Aureobasidin A (AbA)Àº S. cerevisiae¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸Å¿ì °ÇÑ µ¶¼ºÀ» °¡Áø Ç×»ýÁ¦·Î½á Matchmaker Gold SystemÀº ÀÌ Ç×»ýÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ³»¼ºÀ» °®°Ô ÇÏ´Â
¸Å¿ì µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ reporterÀÎ AUR1-C À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å¿ì ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ antifungal depsipeptide¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¼ºÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ¼±º° ¿µ¾ç ¹èÁö¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§
ÇÊ¿äÇß´ø º°µµÀÇ ÃÖÀûÈ °úÁ¤ ¾øÀ̵µ °£ÆíÇÏ°Ô Y2H library screening¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Q6. Transmembrane proteinµµ bait proteinÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Yeast Two-hybrid ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Cytoplasmic domainÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®¿¡´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Matchmaker Gold reporter´Â
¼¼Æ÷ ÇÙ ³»¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿© ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, À̸¦ °ËÃâÇϱâ À§ÇØ Bait-Prey interactionÀÌ ÇÙ ³»¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇؾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Target proteinÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô foldingÇÏ°í ÇÙ ³»¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù¸é
Prey protein°úÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °ËÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (¸ðµç Matchmaker vector µéÀº bait, prey proteinÀÌ ÇÙ ³»¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù).
¶ÇÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î BaitÀÇ signal peptide¿Í transmembrane domainÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Transmembrane protein¿¡ ´ëÇÑ two-hybrid ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº °ü·Ã ³í¹®À» Âü°íÇØÁÖ¼¼¿ä.
- Hopkinson, S.B. & Jones, J. C. (2000) Mol. Biol. Cell. 11(1):277-286
- Traweger, A. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277(12):10201-10208
- Tian, X. Y. et al. (2001) Reproduction. 121(6):873-880
- Daniel, J. M. & Reynolds, A. B. (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. 19(5):3614-3623.
- Rochdi, M. D. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279(18):18981-18989.
Q7. Bait protein¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Auto-activation Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Bait°¡ eukaryotic transcription factor¶ó¸é prey protein°ú interaction ¾øÀ̵µ ½º½º·Î yeast reporters¸¦ È°¼ºÈ ½Ãų °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Q8. Matchmaker¢â System¿¡¼ blue/white screening ½Ã, X-¥á-Gal ´ë½Å X-GalÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ³ª¿ä?
¾Æ´Ï¿À. X-Gal°ú X-¥á-GalÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. X-Gal Àº E.coli È¿¼Ò ¥â-galactosidase (lacZ)ÀÇ ±âÁúÀÌÁö¸¸ X-¥á-GalÀº yeast È¿¼Ò alpha-galactosidase (Mel1p)ÀÇ
±âÁú·Î »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. X-¥á-Gal Àº Matchamker Gold System¿¡¼ blue/white colony screening¿¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. Mel1p´Â protein-protein interaction¿¡ ÀÇÇØ MEL1 À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦
È°¼ºÈ½ÃÅ°¸é yeast¿¡¼ ºÐºñµË´Ï´Ù.
Q9. Mate & Plate¢â library´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Mate & Plate library (Code 630468 ¿Ü)´Â
MAT¥á haploid yeast (Y187)¿¡ transformation ÈÄ ºÐÁÖÇÏ¿© ÆǸÅÇÏ´Â Two-hybrid¿ë libraryÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Bait¸¦ ¹ßÇö½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Y2H Gold¿Í AH109ÀÇ yeast MATa
two-hybrid reporter strain °ú ÇÔ²² matingÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Y2H Gold bait¸¦ SD/-Trp ¹èÁö¿¡¼ °£´ÜÈ÷ overnight ¹è¾çÇÑ ÈÄ, ´ÙÀ½³¯ library Áß 1 °³ÀÇ tube¿¡¼
Àß ¼¯¾î ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ matingÀÌ ÀϾµµ·Ï ÇÏ·í¹ã ´õ incubation ÈÄ, SD/-Leu/-Trp/X- ¥á-Gal/AbA¿¡ diploid cellÀ» µµ¸»ÇÏ¿© Y2H interactionÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ colonyµéÀ» ¼±º°ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Q10. ÆǸÅÇÏ´Â library°¡ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì, ¿øÇÏ´Â library¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Q11. ½Ã·á°¡ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ¿øÇÏ´Â library¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä?
Q12. ±âÁ¸¿¡ Á¦ÀÛÇصРlibrary·Î Matchmaker¢â Gold ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä?
´ÙÄ«¶óÄÚ¸®¾Æ¿¡¼´Â ´Ù¸¥ À¯·¡ÀÇ yeast two-hybrid library´Â Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̷лóÀ¸·Î´Â prey (library) vector°¡ LEU2 marker·Î ¼±º°µÇ´Â library¶ó¸é
Matchmaker gold¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Q13. False positives¿Í background growthÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Protein-protein interactionÀ» ¼±º°Çϱâ À§ÇØ HIS3 nutritional reporter ¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Yeast two-hybrid ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ (i) background colony¿Í (ii)
false positive¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
(i) Background colony´Â nutritional reporter°¡ ÀϺΠ¹ßÇöÀÌ µÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â, ³Ê¹«³ª »ª»ªÇÏ°Ô platingµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù.
(ii) false positives´Â bait ¿Í µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î prey proteinÀÌ reportersÀÇ upstream ¼¿À» ÀνÄÇÏ¿© °áÇÕÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýµË´Ï´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ Matchmaker Gold System¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â
Aureobasidin A (Code 630466)˼
»õ·Î¿î yeast two-hybrid Ç×»ýÁ¦·Î½á ÀúÇ×¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¸ðµç ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ¸Å¿ì È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á×ÀÌ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ôÀº ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ¾î background colony°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î Matchmaker Gold´Â µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÕÇÑ prey proteinÀÌ 3 °³ÀÇ recognition sequences¿¡ °áÇÕÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í 4 Á¾·ùÀÇ reporters°¡ È°¼ºÈµÇ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ False positive colonyÀÇ
»ý¼º ¶ÇÇÑ ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Q14. YPDA¿Í YPD ¹èÁöÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
YPD (Code 630409)´Â ¡°Yeast Peptone Dextrose¡±
¹èÁöÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î amino acids, salts, dextrose (glucose), ±×¸®°í ±× ¿Ü ºü¸¥ yeast »ýÀ°À» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ¿µ¾ç ¹èÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
YPDA (Code 630464)´Â YPD¿¡¼ 120 §·/L adenine hemisulfate°¡ ÷°¡µÈ ¹èÁö·Î ADE2 mutant allele¸¦ °¡Áø yeast strainsÀÌ
pink ¶Ç´Â red·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ClontechÀÇ YPDA ¿¡´Â adenine hemisulfateÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ³óµµ°¡ Ç¥ÁØ protocol¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ³óµµ (40 §·/L)º¸´Ù 3¹è
´õ ¸¹ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾîÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¸¸¾à ´Ù¸¥ sourcesÀÇ ¹èÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é Matchmaker yeast strainsÀº pink ¶Ç´Â red·Î º¯ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Q15. ¿Ö ¶§¶§·Î YPD ¹èÁö¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶õ yeast colonyµéÀÌ pink ¶Ç´Â red·Î º¯Çմϱî?
Yeast°¡ adenineÀÇ ÇÔ·®ÀÌ ÀûÀº ¹èÁö¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó´Â °æ¿ì, ADE2 ¶Ç´Â ADE1 strains ¿¡¼ ÃàÀûµÈ purine Àü±¸Ã¼ ADE2 mutants¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àû»ö »ö¼Ò°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© ÃàÀûµË´Ï´Ù.
´ÙÄ«¶óÄÚ¸®¾Æ´Â Àû»ö »ö¼Ò°¡ ÃàÀûµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ 120 §·/L adenine hemisulfate°¡ µé¾î°£ ¹èÁöÀÎ YPDA¿¡¼ ¸ðµç yeast strainsÀ» Å°¿ï °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Red »ö¼Ò´Â Ư¼ºÀÌ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î ÈÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®ÀÌ 1967³â¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. »ö¼Ò´Â vacuole¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ°í 450-490 nm ÆÄÀå¿¡¼ Çü±¤À» ³»´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¿©Áý´Ï´Ù.
Q16. Agar ¹èÁö ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇÆÐÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀϱî¿ä?
Agar¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¾ç (20 g/L)¸¦ ³Ö¾ú´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§, ½ÇÆÐÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº °úµµÇÑ autoclave¿Í ³·Àº pH ¶§¹®ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 121¡É¿¡¼ 15 ºÐ°£ autoclaveÇϱâ
Àü Á¤Á¦µÈ ¹°ÀÌ »ê¼ºÀÎ °æ¿ì, minimal SD ¹èÁö´Â pH 5.8, YPDA´Â pH6.5 ·Î ¸ÂÃç¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù