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Home > Learning center > NGS_RNA-Seq > ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½ÇÇè Àû¿ë »ç·Ê > Single cell ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ epigenomic profiling

Single cell ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ epigenomic profiling

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Single cell ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ epigenomic profiling

¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Ç×»ó »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¶§¶§·Î ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â À̸¦ µû¶ó°¡Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡ ±âÁ¸¿¡´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´ø »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇϱâ À§ÇÑ µµ±¸°¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

ICELL8 Single-Cell SystemÀº °³¹æ¼º°ú À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© µðÀÚÀεǾî ÇöÀç ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æ¯Â¡À» Àß È°¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Henikoff's laboratoryÀÇ Dr. Steven (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research)Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç÷§ÆûÀ» È°¿ëÇØ chromatin mappingÀ» °í Çػ󵵷Πsingle cell ´Ü°è±îÁö Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ CUT&Tag (Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation) À̶ó´Â epigenetics ¿¬±¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù (Kaya-Okur et al. 2019).

¡á Going beyond ChIP-seq
Epigenetics´Â °°Àº À¯ÀüÇü¿¡¼­ DNAÀÇ ±¸Á¶, histone modification, DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÇö°ú Ç¥ÇöÇüÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃçÁ® ÀÖ´Ù (Deichmann 2016). ChIP-seqÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ epigenetics¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀÌÁö¸¸ ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ´ë·®ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í signal ´ëºñ ³ôÀº noiseÀÇ ºñÀ²·Î ÀÎÇØ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Çؼ® °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÏ´Ù´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

½ÇÇè¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ³·Àº background´Â ¼Ò·®ÀÇ cellÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù. 2017³â Skene¿Í Henikoff´Â CUT&RUN (Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease; Skene and Henikoff 2017)À̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â enzyme-tethering ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº ChIP methods¿¡¼­ crosslinkingÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý ´ë½Å protein A-monococcal nuclease (protein A-MNase) fusionÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ in situ¿¡¼­ antibody°¡ °áÇÕÇÑ transcription-factor-DNA (TF-DNA) complexes ¾çÂÊÀÇ DNA¸¦ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î Àý´ÜÇÑ´Ù.

¡á Getting to the single-cell level
±âÁ¸ÀÇ CUT&RUN ¹æ¹ýµµ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ÀÚµ¿È­°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í ¼Ò·®ÀÇ »ùÇà (¼¼Æ÷ 100~1,000°³)¿¡¼­µµ Àû¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, HenikoffÀÇ ¿¬±¸½ÇÀº À̸¦ ´õ¿í °³¼±ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±×µéÀº ȸ¼öµÈ TF-DNA complex·ÎºÎÅÍ sequencing library¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ DNA end polishing°ú adapter ligationÀ» »ý·«ÇÏ°íÀÚ Çß´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ protein A-Mnase fusion ´ë½Å °úÈ°¼º Tn5 transposase (pA-Tn5)¿¡ À¶ÇÕµÈ protein A¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ pA-Tn5°¡ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¸é »çÀü¿¡ µé¾î°£ sequencing adapter¸¦ TF-DNA complexes ¾çÂÊ¿¡ »ðÀÔÇÏ¿© PCR-enrichment-ready fragment¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î CUT&Tag ±â¼úÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. bulk ChIP-seq°ú ºñ±³Çؼ­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ºÐ¼®ÀÇ signal ¹üÀ§¸¦ 20¹è ³ô¿©ÁØ´Ù.


CUT&Tag ¹ýÀÇ °³¿ä¿Í ICELL8 Single-Cell System¿¡¼­ÀÇ workflow. (ÆгΠA)
CUT&TagÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿ä¾àµµÀÌ´Ù. Ÿ°Ù ´Ü¹éÁú (ÆĶõ»ö)¿¡ primary antibody (¿¬µÎ»ö)°¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¸é ¿©±â¿¡ secondary antibody (³ë¶õ»ö)°¡ °áÇÕÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ adapter (»¡°£»ö)°¡ Ãß°¡µÈ Tn5 transposase¿¡ À¶ÇÕµÈ protein A (ȸ»ö)°¡ secondary antibody¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ°í adapter¸¦ target site¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ fragment°¡ PCR¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁõÆøµÈ´Ù. (ÆгΠB) single cell¿¡¼­ÀÇ CUT&TagÀ» ICELL8 Single-Cell System¿¡¼­ Àû¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÇ workflowÀÌ´Ù. (Figure by Kaya-Okur et al. 2019, used under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0).

ÀúÀÚµéÀº CUT&Tag ±â¼úÀÇ °¨µµ·Î single-cell profiling (scCUT&Tag) ¿ª½Ã °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº cellÀÇ permeabilizationÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ±Øµµ·Î ¹Î°¨ÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ single cellÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÀڱؾøÀÌ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. TakaraÀÇ automated ICELL8 Ç÷§ÆûÀÌ tagmentationÈÄ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ permeabilized cellsÀ» 5,184-well chipÀ¸·Î ºÐÁÖÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ¿©±â¿¡ ÅëÇÕ À̹Ì¡ ±â´ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ wellÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ single cell ¸¸À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ wellÀ» ¼±º°ÇÏ¿© Ä¿½ºÅÒÈ­ µÈ ½Ã¾à ¼³Á¤À¸·Î PCRÇß´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ICELL8¿¡ Àִ ƯÁ¤ ½Ã¾à ºÐÁÖ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÅëÇØ °¢ cellÀÌ °íÀ¯ÇÑ indexÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î 72 i5 ¹× 72 i7 index¸¦ ºÎ°¡ÇØ ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ƯÁ¤ cell·Î ´Ù½Ã ÃßÀûÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÀúÀÚ´Â scCUT&TagÀ¸·Î ¾òÀº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ bulk¿¡¼­ÀÇ chromatin profiling°ú Àß ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù (Figure 6 in publication).

¡á Sequence better, faster, and deeper
¿ì¸®ÀÇ ICELL8 systemÀº ºÐ¼®¹ý °³¹ß ¹× ÃÖÀûÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ À¯¿¬ÇÏ°í ÀûÀÀ¼º ³ôÀº Ç÷§ÆûÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â»ç¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶»°Ô Dr. HenikoffÀÇ ¿¬±¸½Ç¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ç÷§ÆûÀ» »õ·Î¿î scCUT&Tag ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇß´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç÷§ÆûÀ» È°¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í À̸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ¿© single cell sequencingÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ÀÚµ¿È­Çß´Ù.

¡á Reference
Deichmann, U. Epigenetics: The origins and evolution of a fashionable topic. Dev. Biol. 416, 249-254 (2016).

Kaya-Okur, H. S. et al. CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells. bioRxiv 568915 (2019).

Skene, P. J. & Henikoff, S. An efficient targeted nuclease strategy for high-resolution mapping of DNA binding sites. Elife 6, (2017).

¡á ¿ø¹®
Bringing epigenomic profiling to the single-cell biology stage (takarabio.com)